How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people think ADHD is a child's condition but it can affect adults. Diagnosed and treated for ADHD the patient can lead a happier life.
A diagnosis for ADHD might include interviewing the person and family members. The doctor may also review old school records in order to determine whether symptoms began as an infant.
Symptoms
ADHD is a condition that impacts school, work and family life. Everyone experiences difficulty in concentrating and focusing from time to time. To be considered to have the disorder, a person must exhibit severe symptoms in at least two of these areas and show that the symptoms significantly hinder daily functioning. The symptoms must have been present for a minimum of six months.
To establish a diagnosis doctors will talk to the patient about their symptoms and ask about their family history and medical problems. They may also employ rating systems to measure symptoms in children or adults. These questionnaires are based off of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They include questions about symptoms like hyperactivity, inattention and an impulsive nature.
In adults, doctors may require a discussion with someone else in the family or who know the patient well. This is not to question the patient's honesty but to gain more insight about their behavior that cannot be obtained from the answers to a questionnaire. They may ask about their childhood behaviors and consult the old school records to determine whether symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis, the doctor will perform an extensive physical examination and run tests in the lab to rule out other conditions out like thyroid problems or head injuries, which could cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also go over the patient's medications. Doctors will take into consideration the interaction between stimulants and specific medications prescribed for depression, high-blood pressure, and other conditions. This is why it's essential for adults to consult their primary care providers if they think they might have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be considered to have ADHD symptoms must manifest in at least two settings (such as school, home and at work) and cause impairment to functioning. The symptoms must be evident before the age of 12 and must not be caused by another disorder such as anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional or doctor will employ a variety tools during the assessment which include ADHD symptom checklists as well as standardized behavior rating scales and a thorough history. They may also interview family members or friends to find out how the symptoms affect them. They can also inquire whether there are other psychiatric conditions or physical conditions that exhibit similar symptoms.
Evaluations will consider whether symptoms are mild, moderate or severe. They will also look at the person's medical history as well as family history to determine if there isn't any underlying cause for their issues, such as thyroid disorders and head injuries, as well as medication.
In some instances, an evaluator may want to conduct a cognitive test or have the person undergo an imaging test to rule out any other possible causes for their symptoms, like learning disabilities, mood disorders personality disorders, and alcohol abuse. People with these disorders often show different symptoms than those without these problems. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, while girls display inattentional symptoms.
A few people suffering from ADHD would like to participate in studies to test new treatments. This is a great opportunity to continue research. However, participants should be aware that the primary goal of these studies is scientific knowledge and is not a guarantee of treatment. For more information about clinical trials, check out NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
If you suspect they have ADHD, it's important to find a specialist trained in diagnosing the disorder. Contact your health insurance company to inquire if ADHD specialists will be covered. You could also ask your family physician or other healthcare providers for recommendations. Also, word-of-mouth referrals are a good choice.
A doctor will talk to the patient -or their parents in the case of children, about their symptoms. They can use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptom checklists, or ask for details from other people in the person's life, such as spouses and family members. Personal insight can reveal more than can be discovered from questionnaires.
A specialist will also need to review any records the person might have, especially old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is dependent on the person's past, and to be able to identify the condition, symptoms must have been present since childhood (technically prior to the age of 12).
A physical examination is also conducted. It will look for any other medical problems that could be responsible for the symptoms, such as seizure disorders or thyroid problems. A neurological examination is often performed by a specialist to assess the coordination and motor control. Psychological tests that test the level of intelligence and ability can be used. The test subject may be required to complete simple computer tasks designed to test memory and attention. This could assist an expert determine whether someone is hyperactive or inattentional. The specialist will then decide on a diagnosis and recommend treatment. Treatment plans usually comprise therapy and medication. Talk therapy or psychotherapy can help adults and children learn healthy coping techniques and change negative thinking patterns. This therapy is offered by a primary physician or a mental healthcare professional who is an expert in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people suffering from ADHD improve their condition by taking medications, however it's not the only way to treat the condition. Adults, teenagers and children are also able to benefit from behavioral therapy, psychotherapy or the combination of both. These therapies aid them in coping and cope with their ADHD symptoms. They can include psychoeducation, which is an education about ADHD and ways to manage it. They can also involve family members, teachers and other professionals.
It is important to find a health care provider or mental health professional who has previous experience treating ADHD. You can request recommendations from people who have ADHD or from a mental health provider you already know, or perform an online search. It is best to locate an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
To determine if your child has ADHD to determine the cause, a health care professional will inquire about your your child's symptoms and problems caused by the condition. They will conduct physical examinations and check for any other health issues that may cause similar symptoms. They will review the medical and family history of your child or you and also school records and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) that is primarily designed to diagnose children and adolescents, has a harder diagnosis of ADHD in adults. Your health care provider may interview you or your children about their symptoms and have others who spend a lot of time with them fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. The drugs used to treat ADHD include stimulants such as methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine, and nonstimulants like atomoxetine and certain antidepressants. They help by increasing levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD have co-occurring disorders such as depression or anxiety. The treatment should therefore include therapy that targets these issues. Certain patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy which teaches techniques such as managing time and tasks and emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can also assist patients manage their symptoms by altering their lifestyle. For example an exercise routine that is regularly practiced can help reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is crucial for people with ADHD tend to consume more sugar and fat, and eat fewer vegetables and fruits than other people. Lastly making family and social relationships a priority can lower stress levels and help individuals feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid children and adults to comprehend their difficulties. A child diagnosed with ADHD might have difficulty communicating their needs to teachers or peers. When a teacher is aware that this isn't a personal issue or due to laziness they can offer accommodations.
A professional doing an ADHD assessment will ask questions that are geared towards the individual's age, ask questions of family members and teachers and review medical records and determine if there are any comorbid conditions. If ADHD symptoms began before the age of adulthood school records can be useful for adults.
diagnosis of adhd will also check for any hearing or vision problems with hearing or vision. The doctor may also do tests on the blood to look for certain hormones as well as other health conditions that can cause symptoms of ADHD.